allow extending only one class to add scopes, fixes #2146

TODO:

- [ ] adjust guide docs
- [ ] adjust README files of extensions
- [ ] finish work and fix test breaks

fixes #2370

- refactored elasticsearch AR to make type and index available in
  instantiate(), issue #1313

fixes #2281

fixes #1993

meet the AR interface requirements.

now supports mapped primary key when _id is part of source with an
alias.

fixes #1469

issue #1313

Moved file and path related methods from StringHelper to FileHelper, renamed StringHelper byte methods not to be misused as string methods

- allows to have dynamic definition of attributes depended on the
  instance
- there was no real need for it to be static. Places that used it static
  have been refactored.

fixes #1318

[ci skip]