output-formatter.md 11.7 KB
Newer Older
1 2 3
Data Formatter
==============

4
For formatting of outputs Yii provides a formatter class to make data more readable for users.
5
[[yii\i18n\Formatter]] is a helper class that is registered as an [application component](structure-application-components.md) named `formatter` by default.
6

7 8
It provides a set of methods for data formatting purpose such as date/time values, numbers and other commonly used formats in a localized way.
The formatter can be used in two different ways.
9

10
1. Using the formatting methods (all formatter methods prefixed with `as`) directly:
11 12 13 14 15 16

   ```php
   echo Yii::$app->formatter->asDate('2014-01-01', 'long'); // output: January 1, 2014
   echo Yii::$app->formatter->asPercent(0.125, 2); // output: 12.50%
   echo Yii::$app->formatter->asEmail('cebe@example.com'); // output: <a href="mailto:cebe@example.com">cebe@example.com</a>
   echo Yii::$app->formatter->asBoolean(true); // output: Yes
17 18
   // it also handles display of null values:
   echo Yii::$app->formatter->asDate(null); // output: (Not set)
19 20
   ```

21 22 23
2. Using the [[yii\i18n\Formatter::format()|format()]] method and the format name.
   This method is also used by widgets like [[yii\grid\GridView]] and [[yii\widgets\DetailView]] where you can specify
   the data format of a column in the widget configuration.
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

   ```php
   echo Yii::$app->formatter->format('2014-01-01', 'date'); // output: January 1, 2014
   // you can also use an array to specify parameters for the format method:
   // `2` is the value for the $decimals parameter of the asPercent()-method.
   echo Yii::$app->formatter->format(0.125, ['percent', 2]); // output: 12.50%
   ```

All output of the formatter is localized when the [PHP intl extension](http://php.net/manual/en/book.intl.php) is installed.
You can configure the [[yii\i18n\Formatter::locale|locale]] property of the formatter for this. If not configured, the
34
application [[yii\base\Application::language|language]] is used as the locale. See the [section on internationalization](tutorial-i18n.md) for more details.
35
The Formatter will then choose the correct format for dates and numbers according to the locale including names of month and
Nikola Basic committed
36 37
weekdays translated to the current language. Date formats are also affected by the [[yii\i18n\Formatter::timeZone|timeZone]]
which will also be taken from the application [[yii\base\Application::timeZone|timeZone]] if not configured explicitly.
38

39
For example the date format call will output different results for different locales:
40 41

```php
42 43 44 45 46 47
Yii::$app->formatter->locale = 'en-US';
echo Yii::$app->formatter->asDate('2014-01-01'); // output: January 1, 2014
Yii::$app->formatter->locale = 'de-DE';
echo Yii::$app->formatter->asDate('2014-01-01'); // output: 1. Januar 2014
Yii::$app->formatter->locale = 'ru-RU';
echo Yii::$app->formatter->asDate('2014-01-01'); // output: 1 января 2014 г.
48 49
```

50 51 52
> Note that formatting may differ between different versions of the ICU library compiled with PHP and also based on the fact whether the
> [PHP intl extension](http://php.net/manual/en/book.intl.php) is installed or not. So to ensure your website works with the same output
> in all environments it is recommended to install the PHP intl extension in all environments and verify that the version of the ICU library
53
> is the same. See also: [Setting up your PHP environment for internationalization](tutorial-i18n.md#setup-environment).
54 55


56 57
Configuring the formatter <a name="configuring-format"></a>
-------------------------
58

59
The default formats used by the formatter methods can be adjusted using the properties of the [[yii\i18n\Formatter|formatter class]].
60 61
You can adjust these values application wide by configuring the `formatter` component in your [application config](concept-configurations.md#application-configurations).
An example configuration is shown in the following.
62
For more details about the available properties check out the [[yii\i18n\Formatter|API documentation of the Formatter class]] and the following subsections.
63

64 65 66 67 68 69 70
```php
'components' => [
    'formatter' => [
        'dateFormat' => 'dd.MM.yyyy',
        'decimalSeparator' => ',',
        'thousandSeparator' => ' ',
        'currencyCode' => 'EUR',
71 72
   ],
],
73
```
74

75 76
Formatting Date and Time values <a name="date-and-time"></a>
-------------------------------
77

78
The formatter class provides different methods for formatting date and time values. These are:
79

Nikola Basic committed
80
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asDate()|date]] - the value is formatted as a date e.g. `January 01, 2014`.
81
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asTime()|time]] - the value is formatted as a time e.g. `14:23`.
Nikola Basic committed
82
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asDatetime()|datetime]] - the value is formatted as date and time e.g. `January 01, 2014 14:23`.
83 84 85
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asTimestamp()|timestamp]] - the value is formatted as a [unix timestamp](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time) e.g. `1412609982`.
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asRelativeTime()|relativeTime]] - the value is formatted as the time interval between a date
  and now in human readable form e.g. `1 hour ago`.
86

87
The date and time format for the [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asDate()|date]], [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asTime()|time]], and
88
[[yii\i18n\Formatter::asDatetime()|datetime]] methods can be specified globally by configuring the formatters
89
properties [[yii\i18n\Formatter::$dateFormat|$dateFormat]], [[yii\i18n\Formatter::$timeFormat|$timeFormat]], and
Carsten Brandt committed
90
[[yii\i18n\Formatter::$datetimeFormat|$datetimeFormat]].
91

92
By default the formatter uses a shortcut format that is interpreted differently according to the currently active locale
93
so that dates and times are formatted in a way that is common for the users country and language.
94
There are four different shortcut formats available:
95

96 97 98 99
- `short` in `en_GB` locale will print for example `06/10/2014` for date and `15:58` for time, while
- `medium` will print `6 Oct 2014` and `15:58:42`,
- `long` will print `6 October 2014` and `15:58:42 GMT`,
- and `full` will print `Monday, 6 October 2014` and `15:58:42 GMT`.
100

101 102 103
Additionally you can specify custom formats using the syntax defined by the
[ICU Project](http://site.icu-project.org/) which is described in the ICU manual under the following URL:
<http://userguide.icu-project.org/formatparse/datetime>. Alternatively you can use the syntax that can be recognized by the
Nikola Basic committed
104
PHP [date()](http://php.net/manual/en/function.date.php) function using a string that is prefixed with `php:`.
105

106 107 108 109 110 111
```php
// ICU format
echo Yii::$app->formatter->asDate('now', 'yyyy-MM-dd'); // 2014-10-06
// PHP date()-format
echo Yii::$app->formatter->asDate('now', 'php:Y-m-d'); // 2014-10-06
```
112

113
### Time zones <a name="time-zones"></a>
114

115
When formatting date and time values, Yii will convert them to the [[yii\i18n\Formatter::timeZone|configured time zone]].
116
Therefore the input value is assumed to be in UTC unless a time zone is explicitly given. For this reason
Nikola Basic committed
117
it is recommended to store all date and time values in UTC, preferably as a UNIX timestamp, which is always UTC by definition.
118
If the input value is in a time zone different from UTC, the time zone has to be stated explicitly like in the following example:
119

120 121 122 123 124 125
```php
// assuming Yii::$app->timeZone = 'Europe/Berlin';
echo Yii::$app->formatter->asTime(1412599260); // 14:41:00
echo Yii::$app->formatter->asTime('2014-10-06 12:41:00'); // 14:41:00
echo Yii::$app->formatter->asTime('2014-10-06 14:41:00 CEST'); // 14:41:00
```
126

127 128 129
Since version 2.0.1 it is also possible to configure the time zone that is assumed for timestamps that do not include a time zone
identifier like the second example in the code above. You can set [[yii\i18n\Formatter::defaultTimeZone]] to the time zone you use for data storage.

130 131 132 133 134 135 136
> Note: As time zones are subject to rules made by the governments around the world and may change frequently, it is
> likely that you do not have the latest information in the time zone database installed on your system.
> You may refer to the [ICU manual](http://userguide.icu-project.org/datetime/timezone#TOC-Updating-the-Time-Zone-Data)
> for details on updating the time zone database.
> See also: [Setting up your PHP environment for internationalization](tutorial-i18n.md#setup-environment).


137 138
Formatting Numbers <a name="numbers"></a>
------------------
139

140
For formatting numeric values the formatter class provides the following methods:
141

142
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asInteger()|integer]] - the value is formatted as an integer e.g. `42`.
143 144
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asDecimal()|decimal]] - the value is formatted as a decimal number considering decimal and thousand
  separators e.g. `2,542.123` or `2.542,123`.
145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asPercent()|percent]] - the value is formatted as a percent number e.g. `42%`.
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asScientific()|scientific]] - the value is formatted as a number in scientific format e.g. `4.2E4`.
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asCurrency()|currency]] - the value is formatted as a currency value e.g. `£420.00`.
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asSize()|size]] - the value that is a number of bytes is formatted as a human readable size e.g. `410 kibibytes`.
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asShortSize()|shortSize]] - is the short version of [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asSize()|size]], e.g. `410 KiB`.

The format for number formatting can be adjusted using the [[yii\i18n\Formatter::decimalSeparator|decimalSeparator]] and
[[yii\i18n\Formatter::thousandSeparator|thousandSeparator]] which are set by default according to the locale.

For more advanced configuration, [[yii\i18n\Formatter::numberFormatterOptions]] and [[yii\i18n\Formatter::numberFormatterTextOptions]]
Nikola Basic committed
155
can be used to configure the internally used [NumberFormatter class](http://php.net/manual/en/class.numberformatter.php)
156

157
For example, to adjust the maximum and minimum value of fraction digits, you can configure [[yii\i18n\Formatter::numberFormatterOptions]] property like the following:
158

159
```php
160
'numberFormatterOptions' => [
161 162 163 164
    NumberFormatter::MIN_FRACTION_DIGITS => 0,
    NumberFormatter::MAX_FRACTION_DIGITS => 2,
]
```
165

166 167
Other formatters  <a name="other"></a>
----------------
168

169
In addition to date, time and number formatting, Yii provides a set of other useful formatters for different situations:
170

171 172 173 174 175
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asRaw()|raw]] - the value is outputted as is, this is a pseudo-formatter that has no effect except that
  `null` values will be formatted using [[nullDisplay]].
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asText()|text]] - the value is HTML-encoded.
  This is the default format used by the [GridView DataColumn](output-data-widgets.md#data-column).
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asNtext()|ntext]] - the value is formatted as an HTML-encoded plain text with newlines converted
176
  into line breaks.
177
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asParagraphs()|paragraphs]] - the value is formatted as HTML-encoded text paragraphs wrapped
178
  into `<p>` tags.
179
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asHtml()|html]] - the value is purified using [[HtmlPurifier]] to avoid XSS attacks. You can
180
  pass additional options such as `['html', ['Attr.AllowedFrameTargets' => ['_blank']]]`.
181 182 183 184
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asEmail()|email]] - the value is formatted as a `mailto`-link.
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asImage()|image]] - the value is formatted as an image tag.
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asUrl()|url]] - the value is formatted as a hyperlink.
- [[yii\i18n\Formatter::asBoolean()|boolean]] - the value is formatted as a boolean. By default `true` is rendered
185
  as `Yes` and `false` as `No`, translated to the current application language. You can adjust this by configuring
Nikola Basic committed
186
  the [[yii\i18n\Formatter::booleanFormat]] property.
187 188 189 190

`null`-values <a name="null-values"></a>
-------------

191
For values that are `null` in PHP, the formatter class will print a placeholder instead of an empty string which
192
defaults to `(not set)` translated to the current application language. You can configure the
Nikola Basic committed
193
[[yii\i18n\Formatter::nullDisplay|nullDisplay]] property to set a custom placeholder.
194
If you do not want special handling for `null` values, you can set [[yii\i18n\Formatter::nullDisplay|nullDisplay]] to `null`.